John Green explains the history of Judaism in Rome. He mentions that the Jews were tribal people of Judea, a Roman Province, and covers some of the characteristics and beliefs of their religion, such as monotheism and the Covenant. He also details traits about the Jews' God, such as singularity and transcendence.
Tommy and Chuckie are Jewish people living peacefully in ancient Greece when a new king, King Antiochus, takes rule. King Antiochus introduces religious intolerance and cultural homogeneity, prompting Tommy to spearhead the "Maccababy" revolt.