The narrator describes how the Aryans clashed with Alexander the Great's army in India, and how an Indian Buddhist Emperor, Ashoka, recorded the first attempt at political unity in India. It is then explained how Ashoka created the idea of nonviolence. Ashoka also created the idea of conquering by right conduct, or Dhamma, and it is described how this was modern for its time.
The narrator describes the Mughal Empire and its emperor, Akbar the Great. It is explained how Akbar used a new method of rule, which involved tolerance and pluralism. Akbar's accomplishments relating to tolerance are later described.
James confronts John Adams about his defending British troops at the Boston Massacre. This illustrates the changing of loyalties that many had during the time of the British Colonies in America.