Disclaimer: This visuals in this clip may be discomforting. In this visualization of 18th century medicine, Abigail Adams and her children get inoculated against small pox. Innoculation was pioneered in the West by Edward Jenner.

Church officials in Rome are impressed with Galileo's mathematical knowledge but hesitate when he brings up his interest in teaching Astronomy. They worry he will be accused of heresy by the Inquisition and decide that he is better off teaching in free-thinking Venice.

Galileo explains his ideas on astronomy and observation to a young boy. He demonstrates his understanding of the heliocentric theory by moving the boy around a washbowl to show that he may observe the washbowl in a new place when he in fact is the one moving.

Galileo is questioned and criticized for his views and theories. He refuses to defy his own understandings in his teachings.

This clip describes that, during the 16th Century, much of humanity believed that the Earth was the center of the universe, except for one man: Copernicus. Copernicus theorized that the Earth actually revolved around the sun, to scrutiny of the church. Giordano Bruno believed Copernicus and read Lucretius' banned book, which expanded his thinking that the universe was unbounded.